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What are judgmental heuristics? Why is knowing about these important for managers? Identify and define at least six judgmental heuristics and give an example of each.

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Judgmental heuristics represent cognitiv...

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In a complicated decision environment, a manager should use the _______ method of decision making.


A) Heuristic
B) Rational
C) Satisficing
D) Nonrational
E) Intuition

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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A decision environment in which there is one right answer, but many unknowns obscure cause-and-effect relationships, is categorized as:


A) Dynamic/chaotic
B) Complex
C) Complicated
D) Simple
E) Programmed

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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What is a nonrational model of decision making? Identify and describe two of these models.

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Nonrational models of decision making ex...

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In the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.


A) Confirmation
B) Availability
C) Representativeness
D) Anchoring
E) Framing

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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The process of identifying and choosing alternative solutions that lead to a desired state of affairs is known as:


A) Intuition
B) Heuristics
C) Problem solving
D) Decision making
E) Brainwriting

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Define: brainstorming, brainwriting, and the Delphi technique. In what ways do these techniques help managers?

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Decision-making experts have developed a...

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Oliver was known for his innovative promotional ideas. His boss loved listening to his presentations and trusted his ideas. Though Oliver's ideas started to get monotonous after a while, his boss took only his ideas and did not accept ideas from others. Which of the following was Oliver's boss using?


A) Creativity
B) Inclusion heuristic
C) Fundamental attribution error
D) Anchoring
E) Availability heuristic

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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In a complex decision context, there is one right answer, but many unknowns obscure cause-and-effect relationships. In this kind of situation, the most effective decision making method is intuition.

A) True
B) False

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Males tend to make more risky decisions than females. This is an example of a constraint on rationality.

A) True
B) False

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A person with a low tolerance for ambiguity who is oriented toward people and social concerns when making a decision has which style?


A) Analytical
B) Conceptual
C) Directive
D) Behavioral
E) Consultative

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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A decision environment in which cause-and-effect relationships change so fast that no pattern emerges is categorized as:


A) Dynamic/chaotic
B) Complex
C) Complicated
D) Simple
E) Programmed

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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The rational model is based on the notion that managers satisfice when making decisions.

A) True
B) False

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Tacit knowledge is information that can easily be put into words.

A) True
B) False

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A person with a high tolerance for ambiguity who is oriented toward people and social concerns when making a decision has which style?


A) Analytical
B) Conceptual
C) Directive
D) Behavioral
E) Consultative

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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________ is solving problems by producing the best possible solution.


A) Satisficing
B) Optimizing
C) Minimizing
D) Using intuition
E) Rationalizing

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following is not a rule for effective brainstorming?


A) One conversation at a time
B) Be visual
C) Go for quality over quantity
D) Build on the ideas of others
E) Defer judgment

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The final question in Bagley's decision tree is:


A) Is the proposed action legal?
B) Is the proposed action ethical?
C) Does the proposed action maximize shareholder value?
D) Does the proposed action affect any stakeholders?
E) Would it be ethical not to take the proposed action?

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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In a simple environment, a manager should use the _______ model of decision making.


A) Heuristic
B) Rational
C) Satisficing
D) Nonrational
E) Intuition

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Intuitive processes are influenced by both expertise and feelings.

A) True
B) False

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