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How do North American porcupines protect themselves from predators?


A) Their coloration serves as a disguise.
B) They seek shelter in a tree.
C) They have large jaws with teeth.
D) They release a noxious spray.
E) They release sharp modified hairs that stick in a predator's mouth.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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What benefit do legumes derive from Rhizobium ?


A) help make carbon dioxide more available
B) increase root surface area
C) nitrogen fixation
D) protection from predators
E) retain water so it is more available to the plant

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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More _____ need to be studied in order to find out whether interspecific competition strongly influences the species composition and structure of most communities.


A) communities
B) K -selected species
C) r -selected species
D) predators
E) prey species

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, species richness is greatest in communities that experience ____.


A) rare moderate disturbances
B) high temperatures
C) frequent severe disturbances
D) frequent moderate disturbances
E) rare intense disturbances

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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In many ecological communities, one common species can function as a foundation species , defining the nature of a community by creating locally stable environmental conditions.

A) True
B) False

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What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

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A food chain is depicted in a straight l...

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Which best describes a dominant species?


A) A dominant species is the only species in an area.
B) A dominant species has low genetic diversity.
C) A dominant species has high species richness.
D) A dominant species has a high relative abundance.
E) A dominant species has a low relative abundance.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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What is the relationship between species richness and recovery from natural disturbances?


A) Communities with more diversity do not recover from natural disturbances.
B) Communities with more diversity experience more natural disturbances.
C) Communities with more diversity recover less rapidly from natural disturbances.
D) Communities with more diversity recover more rapidly from natural disturbances.
E) There is no correlation between community diversity and recovery from natural disturbances.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Which interaction is advantageous for one species, but has no effect on the other?


A) commensalism
B) herbivory
C) mutualism
D) parasitism
E) predation

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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