Question 1

Generally,vaccines are used to stimulate the immune system by providing antigens of potential pathogens.What is the typical composition of a vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA from bacteria
B)  genes encoding for virulence factors
C)  inactivated or attenuated viruses
D)  naked DNAE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

The use of ASOs in the process of in vitro fertilization to determine the genetic risk factors present is called_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  preimplantation genetic diagnosis
B)  genome scanning
C)  RFLP analysis
D)  next- generation sequencingE) None of the above
F) C) and D) A

Question 3

RFLPs can be used to identify point mutations through which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mutation can occur outside of a restriction site causing a change in the cutting pattern for restriction enzymes.
B)  The mutation can occur causing a shortening of the mRNA that is then compared to wild type.
C)  The mutation can occur in a restriction site,causing a change in the cutting pattern for restriction enzymes.
D)  The mutation can be silent in the coding for protein resulting in a different amino acid being inserted.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C) C

Question 4

Describe how microarrays have led to improved diagnosis of two types of diffuse large B- cell lymphomas.

Accepted Answer

Diffuse large B- cell lymphoma patients ...

Question 5

Which of the following is not an application of RFLPs?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary biology
B)  proteomics
C)  paternity testing
D)  forensic scienceE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

In the past decades,direct- to- consumer DTC genetic tests have become widespread.Which U.S.federal agency is responsible for the future regulation of these tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  FDA
B)  EPA
C)  FBI
D)  DEAE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 7

Currently,the most common method of vaccination is injection.Modern biotechnology is likely to make injection less common through the development of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  biopharming
B)  fusion proteins
C)  gene editing
D)  edible vaccinesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Due to the relatively unregulated environment that genomic information is being collected in,which of the following is not a concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  variability in data collection methods
B)  variability of handling protocols
C)  variability in the genomes sequenced
D)  confidentiality of genetic informationE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Current DTC genetic tests provide all of the following EXCEPT_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  allele- specific information with regard to an individual's genome
B)  a reliable substitute for a trained healthcare professional
C)  information regarding risk factors for disease states
D)  an overwhelming amount of information regarding an individual's genetic risk factorsE) All of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 10

With the multitudes of genetic tests and bioinformatic databases available to clinicians and researchers,diagnosis via genetic information is becoming more common.Which of the following is a major concern with regard to genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents and clinicians will use prenatal genome sequencing in a responsible manner.
B)  Genetic discrimination is easy to define and prevent.
C)  There are genetic tests for diseases that currently have no treatment.
D)  A negative result in a genetic test means a person will never get the disease.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

One procedure that has greatly enhanced prenatal screening is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA- seq
B)  GWAS
C)  chorionic villus sampling
D)  fetal blood samplingE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

There is a fear that preconception genetic testing may lead to "designer babies." What historical practice comes to mind regarding the production of such babies?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene editing
B)  inbreeding
C)  eugenics
D)  gene drivingE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Evolving genome sequencing methods continue to be used in ever more time- sensitive situations.Which of the following is an emerging situation in which the CDC is using WGS,NGS,and TGS?

Accepted Answer

A)  tracking impact of pathogens on host genomes
B)  isolating pathogens after they have spread
C)  pathogen identification
D)  vaccine generationE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A DNA microarray also called a DNA chip can be used to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  detect RFLPs
B)  generate mutations in the gene of interest
C)  detect mutations that may indicate a risk of disease
D)  determine protein translation levelsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The CJVI undertook a comparison between M.genitalium and Haemophilus influenzae in an effort to determine what?

Accepted Answer

A)  the core set of genes needed for M.genitalium to infect humans
B)  the core set of genes needed for understanding life
C)  the core set of genes that cause H.influenzae virulence
D)  the core set of genes needed to sustain lifeE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

In 2010,the American Civil Liberties Union filed suit against Myriad Genetics.The court ruled in favor of the ACLU.What precedent did this court case set with regard to biotechnologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmed that human genes can be patented
B)  confirmed that synthetic genes cannot be patented
C)  confirmed human genes cannot be patented
D)  confirmed that any gene- related biotechnologies cannot be patentedE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Personal genomics has led to the discovery of many new genes associated with disease states.Studies on autism spectrum disorder have revealed how many genes to have an impact on the disease state?

Accepted Answer

A)  5
B)  63
C)  >100
D)  1E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Synthetic biologists are creating gene clusters that have logic functions and memory called_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  organic computers
B)  genetic computers
C)  synthetic genes
D)  synthetic gene circuitsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

To fight the recent outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas,scientists took advantage of_______ to force a gene to be passed on to progeny that resulted in short- lived offspring that did not reach maturity.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA vaccines
B)  gene drive
C)  selective breeding
D)  CRISPR- CasE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Probes that bind under very stringent hybridization conditions resulting in the differential binding over one nucleotide are called_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  generation- specific probes
B)  allele- specific oligonucleotides ASOs 
C)  VNTRs
D)  short,variable repeats
E)  microsatellitesF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 22: Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Generally,vaccines are used to stimulate the immune system by providing antigens of potential pathogens.What is the typical composition of a vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of ASOs in the process of in vitro fertilization to determine the genetic risk factors present is called_______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedA

RFLPs can be used to identify point mutations through which of the following mechanisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Describe how microarrays have led to improved diagnosis of two types of diffuse large B- cell lymphomas.

Correct AnswerverifiedDiffuse large B- cell lymphoma patients ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is not an application of RFLPs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the past decades,direct- to- consumer DTC genetic tests have become widespread.Which U.S.federal agency is responsible for the future regulation of these tests?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Currently,the most common method of vaccination is injection.Modern biotechnology is likely to make injection less common through the development of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Due to the relatively unregulated environment that genomic information is being collected in,which of the following is not a concern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Current DTC genetic tests provide all of the following EXCEPT_______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedB

With the multitudes of genetic tests and bioinformatic databases available to clinicians and researchers,diagnosis via genetic information is becoming more common.Which of the following is a major concern with regard to genetic testing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One procedure that has greatly enhanced prenatal screening is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is a fear that preconception genetic testing may lead to "designer babies." What historical practice comes to mind regarding the production of such babies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolving genome sequencing methods continue to be used in ever more time- sensitive situations.Which of the following is an emerging situation in which the CDC is using WGS,NGS,and TGS?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A DNA microarray also called a DNA chip can be used to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The CJVI undertook a comparison between M.genitalium and Haemophilus influenzae in an effort to determine what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 2010,the American Civil Liberties Union filed suit against Myriad Genetics.The court ruled in favor of the ACLU.What precedent did this court case set with regard to biotechnologies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Personal genomics has led to the discovery of many new genes associated with disease states.Studies on autism spectrum disorder have revealed how many genes to have an impact on the disease state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synthetic biologists are creating gene clusters that have logic functions and memory called_______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To fight the recent outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas,scientists took advantage of_______ to force a gene to be passed on to progeny that resulted in short- lived offspring that did not reach maturity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Probes that bind under very stringent hybridization conditions resulting in the differential binding over one nucleotide are called_______ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Diffuse large B- cell lymphoma patients ...
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